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INDIAN MEAL MOTH:
The Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella), also spelled Indian
meal moth, sometimes known as the North American High-Flyer, is a moth of the
family Pyralidae. Its larvae (caterpillars), commonly known as waxworms, are a
common grain-feeding pest found around the world, feeding on cereals and dry
grain products.
Etymology
The common name for this species was coined by
Asa Fitch, an entomologist employed by the state of New York during the
nineteenth century. In a report published in 1856, Fitch described the species,
noting that the larvae infest stores of cornmeal, which was then called "Indian
meal".
Indianmeal moths are also sometimes referred to as "flour moths" or
"pantry moths".
Life cycle
Female moths lay between 60 and 400 eggs on a
food surface, which are ordinarily smaller than 0.5 mm and not sticky. The eggs
hatch in 2 to 14 days. The moth larvae (known as waxworms) are off-white with
brown heads. When these larvae mature, they are usually about 12 mm long. The
larval stage lasts from 2 to 41 weeks, depending on the temperature.
Adult
moths are 810 mm in length with 1620 mm wingspans. The outer half of their
forewings are bronze, copper, or dark gray in color, while the upper half are
yellowish-gray, with a dark band at the intersection between the two.
The
entire life cycle may range from 30 to 300 days.
Systematics
The genus
Plodia is closely related to the genera Cadra and Ephestia, which both also have
pest species. The almond moth (Ephestia kautella) is commonly confused with the
Indianmeal moth.
Pest Control
After larvae or moths have been found, it is
important to throw out all grains (cereal, bread, pasta, rice), spices, dried
fruits (raisins), and any other food sources that are not in very tightly sealed
containers. The moths are able to get into surprisingly tight spots, including
sealed bags and Tupperware containers. The food they infest will often seem to
be webbed together. They are also notoriously difficult to get rid of, and can
crawl on ceilings and spin cocoons in rooms other than the kitchen or pantry
where they hatched. Last instar larvae are able to travel significant distances
before they pupate. When seeking the source of an infestation, do not limit your
searches to the immediate area where pupae are discovered.
One way to keep
the moths away is to place bay leaves in the food containers along with the
original grains. However, products already affected should still be thrown
away.
Nontoxic traps are also available to inhibit the development of adult
moths and precipitate their destruction. For example, one type of trap is a
triangular box with a lure inside and sticky walls. These traps are generally
known as pheromone traps. In this case male moths are attracted inside by the
female pheromone (the lure) and then get stuck against the sticky walls inside
of the box. Moths often do not even need a lure, as common glue traps sometimes
work well to reduce the number of adults.
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